{"id":1878,"date":"2020-02-03T15:58:43","date_gmt":"2020-02-03T14:58:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.serengetijoytours.cz\/?page_id=1878"},"modified":"2023-04-15T17:51:25","modified_gmt":"2023-04-15T16:51:25","slug":"velka-migrace-v-serengeti","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.kilimandzaro-safari.cz\/index.php\/o-tanzanii\/narodni-parky-v-tanzanii\/narodni-park-serengeti\/velka-migrace-v-serengeti\/","title":{"rendered":"Velk\u00e1 migrace v Serengeti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Z\u00e1\u017eitkem, kter\u00e9mu se nic nevyrovn\u00e1, je safari v Tanzanii a Keni, v dob\u011b kdy prob\u00edh\u00e1 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed Velk\u00e1 migrace zv\u011b\u0159e v  n\u00e1rodn\u00edch parc\u00edch Serengeti<\/span><\/a> a Masai Mara. V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se pokus\u00edme odpov\u011bd\u011bt na ot\u00e1zku, kdy a kam je nejlep\u0161\u00ed se v  Tanzanii<\/span><\/a> nebo Keni<\/a><\/span> vydat na Velkou migraci pako\u0148\u016f a zeber, a v men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e i dal\u0161\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Safari
Safari autem za Velkou migrac\u00ed v Serengeti<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fvody Velk\u00e9 migrace<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se d\u00e1vaj\u00ed do pohybu mili\u00f3ny pako\u0148\u016f, doprov\u00e1zen\u00fdch zebrami, a v men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e tak\u00e9 gazelami a impalami, p\u0159es rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 pl\u00e1n\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Serengeti v Tanzanii a Masai Mara v Keni. Naz\u00fdv\u00e1 se \u010dasto Velk\u00e1 migrace<\/strong>, proto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozemn\u00ed migraci zv\u00ed\u0159at na Zemi. Velk\u00e1 migrace zv\u00ed\u0159at v Serengeti je \u0159\u00edzena p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm de\u0161ti a na nich z\u00e1visl\u00fdmi pastvinami a zdroji vody. Z toho d\u016fvodu se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b opakuje a je relativn\u011b p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1. I tak jsou ale informace uveden\u00e9 n\u00ed\u017ee pouze orienta\u010dn\u00ed a vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z dlouhodob\u00fdch minul\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 garance, \u017ee to tak bude p\u0159esn\u011b prob\u00edhat ka\u017ed\u00fd rok. P\u0159\u00edroda si v\u017edy d\u011bl\u00e1 co chce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pakon\u011b maj\u00ed r\u00e1di p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u010derstv\u00e9 v\u00fdhonky. Jejich snaha naj\u00edt vhodnou potravu a vhodn\u00e9 m\u00edsto pro rozen\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat uv\u00e1d\u00ed do pohybu jejich obrovsk\u00e1 st\u00e1da. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fdlo\u017erav\u00e9 kopytn\u00edky doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed na jejich cest\u011b i dal\u0161\u00ed druhy zv\u00ed\u0159at \u2013 tis\u00edce lv\u016f, asi tis\u00edc levhart\u016f a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 deset tis\u00edc hyen skvrnit\u00fdch. V\u0161ichni tito pred\u00e1to\u0159i a mrcho\u017erouti si z migra\u010dn\u00edch st\u00e1d vyb\u00edraj\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu cel\u00e9ho roku svou da\u0148. Odhaduje se, \u017ee a\u017e 250 tis\u00edc pako\u0148\u016f b\u011bhem Velk\u00e9 migrace svou ro\u010dn\u00ed pou\u0165 nedokon\u010d\u00ed a stane se potravou pro jin\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejzaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st Velk\u00e9 migrace je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rozen\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat na ja\u0159e a pot\u00e9 p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159eky Mara na podzim na hranici mezi Tanzani\u00ed a Ke\u0148ou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Velk\u00e1
P\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159eky Mara v severn\u00edm Serengeti<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie prokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee Velk\u00e1 migrace m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd dopad na ekosyst\u00e9m cel\u00e9 oblasti ( n\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Serengeti<\/span><\/a>, n\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Masai Mara v Keni a do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry i Chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e1 oblast Ngorongoro<\/span><\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esn\u00e9 na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed Velk\u00e9 migrace a p\u0159esn\u00e9 trasy se ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b m\u00edrn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed, ale zak\u00f3dovan\u00e9 vzorce chov\u00e1n\u00ed a instinkty z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nem\u011bnn\u00e9. Proto je mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159i znalosti chov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch letech relativn\u011b dob\u0159e odhadnout, kde a kdy se budou jejich nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed koncentrace nach\u00e1zet a p\u0159izp\u016fsobit tomu program va\u0161eho safari.<\/p>\n\n\n

CHCI V\u00cdCE INFORMAC\u00cd NEBO NAB\u00cdDKU<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00e1 migrace v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00e1 migrace ve zkratce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Pakoni a dal\u0161\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata migruj\u00ed v r\u00e1mci tzv. Velk\u00e9 migrace<\/strong> po cel\u00fd rok. Cyklus za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 v ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Serengeti, kde se od ledna do b\u0159ezna narod\u00ed n\u011bkolik set tis\u00edc ml\u00e1\u010fat pako\u0148\u016f (a zeber). Od dubna, pot\u00e9 co ml\u00e1\u010fata trochu zes\u00edl\u00ed, se st\u00e1da pomalu vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed na cestu na severoz\u00e1pad. Na konci kv\u011btna, po skon\u010den\u00ed obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f, se masa zv\u00ed\u0159at d\u00e1v\u00e1 do rychl\u00e9ho pohybu na sever k \u0159ece Mara. \u010cervenec a srpen nab\u00edz\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed pako\u0148\u016f s krokod\u00fdli v \u0159ece Mara. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pak st\u00e1da doraz\u00ed k pastvin\u00e1m v Keni. Tu spasou a od \u0159\u00edjna-listopadu se pomalu vrac\u00ed na jih do n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Serengeti.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Velk\u00e1
Velk\u00e1 migrace v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Leden<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Velk\u00e1 migrace nem\u00e1 za\u010d\u00e1tek ani konec, je to nekone\u010dn\u00fd cyklus. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku, v lednu, se st\u00e1da pako\u0148\u016f a zeber pasou na jihu na \u010derstv\u00fdch pastvin\u00e1ch na pl\u00e1n\u00edch Ndutu a v chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti Ngorongoro (Ngorongoro Conservation Area). V ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Serengeti pobl\u00ed\u017e jezera Ndutu se zv\u00ed\u0159ata shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed a p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed na ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed jarn\u00ed rozen\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat. Zat\u00edmco se velk\u00e1 st\u00e1da shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00ed oblasti Serengeti, \u0159ada gepard\u016f, lv\u016f a slon\u016f se st\u00e1le nach\u00e1z\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00edch a severn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech Serengeti, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kolem hlavn\u00edch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f, \u0159ek Mara a Grumeti. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v lednu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u00danor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Obrovsk\u00e1 st\u00e1da pako\u0148\u016f se st\u00e1le vyskytuj\u00ed na pl\u00e1n\u00edch ji\u017en\u00edho Serengeti a tak\u00e9 v\u00a0chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti Ngorongoro. V \u00fanoru jsou zde pastviny syt\u011b zelen\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 rozen\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat. Ml\u00e1\u010fata se rod\u00ed samic\u00edm ve velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m obdob\u00ed, b\u011bhem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dvou t\u0159\u00ed t\u00fddn\u016f.\u00a0Pred\u00e1to\u0159i, kter\u00fdch je zde nyn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomno st\u00e1le v\u00edce, lov\u00ed slab\u00e9 jedince ve st\u00e1d\u011b a ml\u00e1\u010fata. Hyeny se v tomto obdob\u00ed neobt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed ani lovit ani kr\u00e1st \u00falovky jin\u00fdm \u0161elm\u00e1m, proto\u017ee \u017eerou placenty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v \u00fanoru<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

B\u0159ezen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V b\u0159eznu se obrovsk\u00e1 st\u00e1da pako\u0148\u016f a zeber st\u00e1le pasou se na \u010derstv\u00fdch pastvin\u00e1ch v ji\u017en\u00edm Serengeti a Ndutu. Jejich ml\u00e1\u010fata nab\u00edraj\u00ed s\u00edlu na cestu na sever. Safari v bal\u00f3nu je luxusn\u00edm z\u00e1\u017eitkem a v\u00fdborn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jak si prohl\u00e9dnout v\u0161e z v\u00fd\u0161ky a uv\u011bdomit si rozsah d\u011bn\u00ed na zemi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v b\u0159eznu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Duben<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V dubnu se u\u017e st\u00e1da za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed p\u0159esouvat na sever sm\u011brem k centr\u00e1ln\u00edmu a z\u00e1padn\u00edmu Serengeti k \u0159ece Grumeti. Duben je ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za\u010d\u00e1tkem obdob\u00ed de\u0161\u0165\u016f. V tomto obdob\u00ed jsou podm\u00ednky pro safari n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a ne v\u0161echny lodge jsou kv\u016fli men\u0161\u00edmu z\u00e1jmu turist\u016f v tomto obdob\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed traviny tak\u00e9 zhor\u0161uj\u00ed viditelnost zv\u00ed\u0159at, kter\u00e9 se v nich mohou snadno schovat.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v dubnu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Kv\u011bten<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V kv\u011btnu se st\u00e1da posouvaj\u00ed do z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Serengeti. N\u011bkter\u00e1 st\u00e1da jsou v z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti u \u0159eky Grumeti, jin\u00e1 se mohou pohybovat st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce na jih nebo v centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti parku. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jedinci pronikaj\u00ed do soukrom\u00e9 rezervace Grumeti, kter\u00e1 soused\u00ed s n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parkem Serengeti. Na konci kv\u011btna se znovu za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed spojovat st\u00e1da do velk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina lodge v pr\u016fb\u011bhu kv\u011btna znovu otv\u00edr\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v kv\u011btnu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u010cerven<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V \u010dervnu se v z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Serengeti a kolem \u0159eky Grumeti dokon\u010duje tvorba velk\u00e9ho migra\u010dn\u00edho st\u00e1da, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nata\u017eeno a\u017e do centr\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti parku. Po p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky v podob\u011b \u0159eky Grumeti, kde na n\u011b \u010d\u00edhaj\u00ed krokod\u00fdli, pokra\u010duj\u00ed na sever. V \u010dervnu za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 obdob\u00ed \u0159\u00edje a souboje samc\u016f o p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 samic jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v \u010dervnu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u010cervenec<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V \u010dervenci za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed tr\u00e1vy usychat, st\u00e1da pokra\u010duj\u00ed d\u00e1le sever a severov\u00fdchod na \u010derstv\u00e9 pastviny. Postupn\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed k \u0159ece Mara v severn\u00edm Serengeti, obvykle v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b \u010dervence. \u010c\u00e1st st\u00e1da se rozhodne \u0159eku plnou krokod\u00fdl\u016f p\u0159ekonat, \u010d\u00e1st se st\u00e1le zdr\u017euje v severn\u00edm Serengeti na jih od \u0159eky Mara. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159eky Mara nab\u00edz\u00ed ty nejikoni\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obr\u00e1zky, kter\u00e9 si lid\u00e9 s kolob\u011bhem naz\u00fdvan\u00fdm Velk\u00e1 migrace spojuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed divok\u00e1 zv\u011b\u0159 je rozprost\u0159ena v cel\u00e9m parku Serengeti a tak\u00e9 Mara, proto\u017ee krajina je nyn\u00ed su\u0161\u0161\u00ed a zv\u00ed\u0159ata hledaj\u00ed a shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm u zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch vodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v \u010dervenci<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Srpen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V srpnu p\u0159ekonaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1da pako\u0148\u016f a zeber \u0159eku Mara. Hledaj\u00ed \u010derstv\u00e9 pastviny na severn\u00ed ke\u0148sk\u00e9 stran\u011b \u0159eky. \u010c\u00e1st ale st\u00e1le z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Serengeti.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v srpnu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se st\u00e1da pohybuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v ke\u0148sk\u00e9m parku Masai Mara. St\u00e1le je mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat pakon\u011b a zeber jak p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed \u0159eku Mara, n\u011bkdy i opakovan\u011b tam a zp\u011bt. P\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159eky Mara je pro pakon\u011b velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9  a stresuj\u00edc\u00ed. Toto obdob\u00ed je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vhodn\u00e9 pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed Velk\u00e9 migrace v Keni. Pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti st\u00e1d v severn\u00ed oblasti Serengeti je ale tak\u00e9 mo\u017en\u00e9 a obl\u00edben\u00e9. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed Serengeti pak nab\u00edz\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed rozmanit\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch divok\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u0158\u00edjen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku \u0159\u00edjna jsou st\u00e1da st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b v Masai Mara v Keni a severn\u00ed oblasti Serengeti v Tanzanii. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 pozorovat ob\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159echody \u0159eky. Kdy\u017e za\u010dnou de\u0161t\u011b ke konci \u0159\u00edjna, st\u00e1dy se za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed v\u00edce organizovat a vracet na jih v\u00fdchodn\u00edm okrajem Serengeti.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v \u0159\u00edjnu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Listopad<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V listopadu pokra\u010duj\u00ed de\u0161t\u011b a v\u011bt\u0161ina st\u00e1da se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 p\u0159es centr\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti Seronera d\u00e1le na jih, aby se op\u011bt nap\u00e1sla na \u010derstv\u00e9 tr\u00e1v\u011b. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v listopadu<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Prosinec <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V prosinci se cyklus Velk\u00e9 migrace dokon\u010duje dal\u0161\u00edm pohybem na jih sm\u011brem k Ndutu a chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti Ngorongoro. Opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 st\u00e1da mohou b\u00fdt st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b vid\u011bna i ve st\u0159edn\u00edm Serengeti. Safari v prosinci umo\u017e\u0148uje vid\u011bt na ji\u017en\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u00edch jak roztrou\u0161en\u00e1 migra\u010dn\u00ed st\u00e1da, pasouc\u00ed se na \u010derstv\u00e9 tr\u00e1v\u011b, tak i dal\u0161\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata v\u010detn\u011b lv\u016f a slon\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Velk\u00e1
Grafick\u00e9 zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdskytu st\u00e1d v prosinci<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Extern\u00ed odkazy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Obr\u00e1zky pou\u017eit\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku byly p\u0159evzaty z anglick\u00e9 videoprezentace Velk\u00e9 migrace v Serengeti<\/a> od spole\u010dnosti Expert Africa:<\/p>\n\n\n